Cause/reason clauses: they explain why something happens or something is done.
- Because: She couldn't get to work on time because the traffic was heavy.
- Because of+ noun: She couldn't get to work because of the heavy traffic.
- Since/as: Since the weather was fine, we went for a walk. I drink an orange juice in the morning as I think it's healthy.
Purpose clauses: these are to indicate the purpose of an action. They explain why someone does something.
- for +Noun: We stopped at the pub for a drink.
- to+ inf: She brought the subject up to annoy Sarah. We stopped at the pub to have a drink.
- in order to+ inf: We are saving money in order to buy a new car.
- So as to + inf: I drove slowly so as to save fuel.
- NEGATIVE: in order not to; so as not to or not to: I agreed to his suggestion not to upset her. We got up silently and slowly so as not to wake anybody up.
- so that+ sentence: He lowered his voice so that Doris couldn't hear him.
Result clauses: these are to indicate the result of something.
- So ... (adjective) that: The house was so big that we decided to sell it.
- So... (adverb) that: He dressed so quickly that he put on his jumper inside out.
- Such a/an + singular noun .... that: It was such an expensive coat that I didn't buy it.
- Such + plural noun.... that: They were such friendly people that they make you feel welcome.
- Such + uncountable noun ... that: It was such lovely weather that we had dinner out in the terrace.
- As a result: The little girl kept jumping on puddles and as a result her new shoes were ruined.
exercise 4
EXTRA PRACTICE:
Adjectives: Participle Adjectives (ED and ING Adjectives) 1
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